Flaky scalp: causes and solutions

Flaking and dandruff, are they the same thing? 

It's common to think that scalp flaking and dandruff are the same thing. Although they look very similar, there are key differences between them. 

Dandruff is a scalp condition characterized by small, dry, white flakes that often flake off easily. It's primarily caused by a fungus called Malassezia, which disrupts the scalp's microbiome. 

On the other hand, scalp flaking is multifactorial. It presents with thick scales and even plaques, accompanied by irritation, inflammation, and/or redness, and in some cases, it also presents with accumulated oil, as is the case with hair with oily scales.

Symptoms of flaking: How do you know it's not dandruff? 

Early detection of symptoms is key to applying the most effective treatment as soon as possible. Some signs of flaking on the scalp that indicate it could be something other than dandruff include: 

• Intense itching or burning
• Redness and inflammation of the scalp
• Thick scales that do not come off easily 
• Yellowish or greasy plaques, common in cases of seborrheic dermatitis 
• Pain or sensitivity to touch

These symptoms are indicators of complex conditions that require medical management, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, or infections. 

Causes of scalp flaking

There are several conditions that can trigger a flaky scalp. Some of the most common are:

• DandruffIt's the mildest of the causes, but one of the most common reasons for visible flakes. It can be associated with stress, hormonal changes, or the use of inappropriate hair products. 
• Dry scalpA lack of natural hydration can cause dry flakes to appear. This usually occurs especially during cold weather, with excessive use of heat sources such as hairdryers or flat irons, or with harsh shampoos. 
• Seborrheic dermatitisThis is a chronic inflammation of the scalp that causes yellowish, greasy scales, as well as itching and irritation. It's common in people with oily skin or altered scalp flora. 
• PsoriasisAn autoimmune disease that causes thick, scaly patches, often accompanied by intense itching. 
• Allergic reactionsThe use of some hair products can cause allergic reactions that cause flaking. 
• Fungal infectionsThe proliferation of fungi on the scalp is also a cause of flaking.

How to reduce scalp flaking

Scalp flaking usually requires medical treatment, so it's advisable to consult a professional to begin the most optimal treatment. However, we can follow a series of recommendations to alleviate symptoms and prevent their appearance. 

• Use specific dermatologically tested shampoos
• Avoid dry shampoo
• Reduce heat sources such as flat irons and hairdryers, as they alter the lipid layer of the scalp. 
• Eat a balanced diet